Rambouillet Summit (1st Summit)
Date:November 15 - 17, 1975
LocationRambouillet Castle (in the suburbs of Paris)
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was agreement to strengthen the economic recovery through global economic management following the oil shock, and to prevent volatility in the foreign-exchange market through cooperation among the various countries.
Puerto Rico Summit (2nd Summit)
Date:June 27 - 28, 1976
Location:Dorado Beach (suburbs of San Juan, Puerto Rico)
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was a statement of confidence about each country's economic condition, and there was agreement to pay sufficient attention to the reemergence of inflation.
London Summit (3rd Summit)
Date:May 7 - 8, 1977
Location:London, Residence of the English Prime Minister
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was agreement on the common targets of restraining inflation and expanding employment, and implementing policies for either an economic expansion or stabilization.
Bonn Summit (4th Summit)
Date:July 16 - 17, 1978
Location:Bonn, West Germany (former residence of the prime minister)
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was agreement on a comprehensive strategy for the promotion, in a mutually supportive manner, of solutions to the various issues the global economy faces.
Tokyo Summit (5th Summit)
Date:June 28 - 29, 1979
Location:State Guest House
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was agreement on cooperating in the area of energy for developing countries, and improving long-term production efficiency and flexibility by focusing on the supply side of the economy, in addition to concrete figures for ceilings on consumption and oil imports, and existing policies to manage demand.
Venice Summit (6th Summit)
Date:June 22 - 23, 1980
Location:Island of San Giorgio Maggiore
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
The discussions were centered on both energy, a medium- and long-term issue throughout the 80s, and inflation, the most pressing issue of the time. In the area of energy, there was a clear statement on the desire to break the link between oil consumption and economic growth, and medium- and long-term policies, not only short-term measures, were identified as important issues.
Ottawa Summit (7th Summit)
Date:July 20 - 21, 1981
Location: Montebello and Ottawa
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was a declaration to work to greinvigorate the economies of democratic industrialized countries,h and a summary of discussions on political issues was released as the Chair's Summary of Political Issues.
Versailles Summit (8th Summit)
Date:June 4 - 6, 1982
Location:Versailles Palace
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was agreement on establishing a working group to promote the advancement of scientific technology and international cooperation, and on actively promoting the financial relationship with anti-soviet eastern European countries.
Williamsburg Summit (9th Summit)
Date:May 28 - 30, 1983
Location:Williamsburg
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
Special interest should be paid to food aid, energy production, and the flow of funds to developing countries. In addition, agreement was reached on participation in UNCTAD VI, based on understanding and cooperation. There was a consensus on strengthening international cooperation on health-related research, environmental protection, and the promotion of 18 scientific technology projects.
London Summit (10th Summit)
Date:June 7 - 9, 1984
Location:Lancaster House
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was agreement on the importance of the new GATT round, and cooperation with other GATT member countries in order to quickly realize the round. Official Summit documents included The London Economic Declaration, Declaration on Democratic Values, Declaration on East-West Relations and Arms Control, Declaration on International Terrorism, and The Iraq-Iran Conflict (Statement by the Chair).
Bonn Summit (11th Summit)
Date:May 2 - 4, 1985
Location:Bonn, West Germany (former residence of the prime minister)
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was agreement on the importance of an early launch to the new GATT Round. There was a clear statement that most participant countries thought that negotiations would begin in 1986. There were discussions on environmental issues and cooperation in the fields of science and technology.
Tokyo Summit (12th Summit)
Date:May 4 - 6, 1986
Location:State Guest House
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was agreement on policy coordination among advanced industrialized countries to strengthen market-led incentives to promote economic growth without inflation, employment and productive investments, to open international trade and investment, and to improve exchange rate stability. Therefore, there was a decision to establish a meeting of finance ministers of the seven countries and strengthen the multilateral oversight of economic policy in each country.
Venice Summit (13th Summit)
Date:June 8 - 10, 1987
Location:Island of San Giorgio Maggiore
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
In regards to policy coordination, there were demands for greater coordination from advanced countries and NICs. As for trade, in addition to confirming the necessity of maintaining and strengthening multilateral free trade based on GATT principles, there was agreement on promoting the Uruguay Round of negotiations. There was also consensus on actively supporting efforts to resolve numerous problems related to developing countries, including deteriorating accumulative debt, primary industry products, and problems of the poorest countries such as the sub-Sahara African countries. Japan's fund flow measures were welcomed.
Toronto Summit (14th Summit)
Date:June 19 - 21, 1988
Location:Metro Toronto Convention Center
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
In addition to evaluating the benefits of policy coordination since the Tokyo Summit, there was a decision to continue this policy. Official summit documents included the Economic Declaration, Political Declaration (east-west relations, terrorism, drugs), and the Chair's Summary of Political Issues (South Africa, Cambodia, and Middle East), and Prime Minister Mulroney's Soul Olympic Declaration.
Grande Arche Summit (15th Summit)
Date:July 14 - 16, 1989
Location:Grand Arche
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
In regards to environmental policy, agreement was reached on the basic policy for various issues including the necessity of a global response, a scientific perspective, and cooperation for developing countries. As for policy issues for each country, the elimination of financial deficits for countries running a deficit, a domestic-demand led economic growth without inflation for countries with a financial surplus, and appropriate macroeconomic policies and structural reforms, were considered important.
Houston Summit (16th Summit)
Date:July 9 - 11, 1990
Location:Rice University
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
In regards to environmental issues, agreement was reached on various issues including launching negotiations to establish through 1992, a climate change framework agreement, and international control and agreement on forecast preservation. In regards to drug issues, there was agreement on the expanding and strengthening of cooperation in all fields. As for the issues such as the proliferation of nuclear weapons, biological and chemical weapons, a statement on cross-border issues was released.
London Summit (17th Summit)
Date:July 15 - 17, 1991
Location:Lancaster House
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
A decision was announced regarding building a global partnership and strengthening the international order in order to ensure democracy, human rights, the rule of law, and healthy economic management. There was an announcement on the economic front regarding a decision to stress maintaining and strengthening economic policy coordination in order to realize sustainable growth without inflation, and on the political front, to strengthen efforts related to the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the transfer of conventional weapons.
Munich Summit (18th Summit)
Date:July 6 - 8, 1992
Location:Residence (palace)
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
At the same time as calling on the world for cooperation on gbuilding a new partnershiph following the end to the cold war, efforts were made to strengthen cooperation between countries participating in the summit. On the economic front, the major theme was promoting economic recovery, and on the political front, the northern territory issue was identified as an issue of common interest to all G7 countries and was important from a global perspective. As for the former Yugoslavia, there was an independent declaration based on the perspective of calling for the greatest restraint of all involved parties.
Tokyo Summit (19th Summit)
Date:June 7 - 9, 1993
Location:Guest State House
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
On the economic front, there was agreement on a strategy for global economic growth in response to the large number of unemployed and the delayed economic recovery in G7 countries. On the political front, there was a clear statement regarding (1) strengthening the U.N., (2) regional problems, (3) strengthening efforts related to nonproliferation.
Naples Summit (20th Summit)
Date:July 8 - 10, 1994
Location:Royal Palace
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
In response to the end of the cold war, leaders promoted policy coordination among the U.S., Japan, and the Europe countries regarding international political and economic issues, and expressed their outlook for the future at a time when the international community was working to establish a new structure for peace and prosperity. On the economic front, the major topic was employment and growth. Leaders identified close cooperation in overall economic policy as important for maintaining economic recovery. In regards to policies, Russian political problems were included in discussions since ascertaining the state and effectiveness of the system of international cooperation was important and meaningful. In response to this, a Statement from the Chair was released.
Halifax Summit (21st Summit)
Date:June 15 - 17, 1995
Location:Summit Place
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
This year was the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II, and there was a review of the functions and structure of international organizations that handle issues that the world faces as it entered the 21st century. There were also indications of the direction of change. There was agreement that for Russia, reforms were necessary not only on the economic, but also on the political front. In addition, during discussions with Russia, there were demands on Russia for real continuation of economic and political reforms, and a peaceful solution to the Chechnya problem.
Lyon Summit (22nd Summit)
Date:June 27 - 29, 1996
Location:Museum of Modern Art
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
The central theme was globalization, and there was a debate on the need for stronger mutual dependence and policy coordination among countries. On the economic front, sustainable growth without inflation and structural reforms of the economy were identified as necessary to create employment. As for politics, the Terrorism Declaration was quickly released in response to the bombing of U.S. military facilities in Saudi Arabia. There were discussions of many, broad global issues including human rights, the environment, nuclear safety, arms reductions, nonproliferation, and U.N. reforms (a review of social and economic issues were attached to the Statement by the Chair).
Denver Summit (23rd Summit)
Date:June 20 - 22, 1997
Location:Central Library
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
Discussions were held on countermeasures against issues that threaten the stability and peace of citizens and the overall international society facing further globalization, and the issue of strengthening the existing international order, and on measures that will allow all countries and people in all countries to benefit from globalization. At the meeting of 8 countries, opportunities and issues stemming from the aging of society were discussed, and agreement was reached on promoting gactive aging.h At the meeting of 7 countries, economic issues were mainly discussed, and these discussions included sustainable growth without inflation, creating employment, financial health, and the aging society.
Birmingham Summit (24th Summit)
Date:May 15 - 17, 1998
Location:Birmingham International Conference Centre
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
In addition to the Asian Financial Crisis, the major topics of discussion were the conditions in Indonesia and India's test of the nuclear bomb. At the G8 meeting, there was agreement to continue G8 support for countries hit by the crisis, and on the importance of showing international confidence towards a recovery. At the G7 meeting, economic issues were mostly discussed.
Cologne Summit (25th Summit)
Date:June 18 - 20, 1999
Location:Ludwig Museum
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
Discussions were based on the theme of ghow can we optimize the benefits of globalization to humanity, and what is the G8's role to accomplish thish During the G8 meeting on economics, in regards to Russia, there was agreement on issues such as debt-relief preconditioned on IMF approval, and strengthening dialogue. In meetings on politics, in regards to Kosovo, building a democratic society in which all ethnic groups could live in peace, and stability, democratization, economic development, and peace for the all of south-east Europe were identified as common goals. There was also a strong reconfirmation of the importance of the G8's solidarity and role.
Kyushu / Okinawa Summit (26th Summit)
Date:July 21 - 23, 2000
Location:Bankoku Shinryokan
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
The summit this year was appropriate for the one to be held in 2000, a significant year, and was a venue to look back at the role that the G8 had played and to discuss the role the G8 would play in the 21st century. If theG8 is to fulfill its important role to benefit the whole world at a time of rapid globalization, it was extremely important to strengthen partnerships with various bodies including non-G8 countries, international organizations, and NGOs. Various efforts were made to strengthen dialogue through numerous opportunities, which included creating opportunities for direct dialogue between the leaders of developed countries and representatives of international organizations in Tokyo right before the summit. Leaders of the various countries highly praised the initiative of the Japanese and agreed that there should be stronger efforts in the future.
Global Security - Within the G8 statement related to the global situation, there was a separate statement on the situation on the Korean peninsula, and there was support from the G8 for the series of positive movements, such as the meeting between the leaders of South and North Korea. And, there was a firm stance towards ensuring peace throughout all of northeast Asia. Leaders also confirmed their desire to establish a framework for effective international control of international organized crime, which was becoming more serious as globalization progressed.
Greater prosperity - IT was identified as the key to prosperity in the 21st century. In regards to what should be done in order for people throughout the world to make use of the opportunities provided by IT, the Okinawa Charter showed the direction of future efforts by the international society, including the G8.
Environment - There was confirmation of a strong desire for close cooperation in order to quickly put the Kyoto Protocol into effect, and there were signs of a desire to make the COP6 a success. A decision was made to report on the creation of a taskforce related to renewable energy by the following year's summit, and there was confirmation of the importance of controls on both the import an export side regarding the illegal harvesting of forest.
Genoa Summit (27th Summit)
Date:July 20 - 22, 2001
Location:Ducal Palace
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
Discussions were centered on issues such as the global economy, trade, development (particularly health in developing countries), environment, and food safety. In regards to development, the focus was on eliminating poverty in developing countries, particularly in Africa. There was a review of the state of debt relief, and the importance of ODA was pointed out. On the other hand, debate also covered self-efforts by developing countries, and demands for better governance.
Kananaskis Summit (28th Summit)
Date:June 26 - 27, 2002
Location:Kananaskis Hotel
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
Leaders met for the annual summit this year as Kananaskis. Discussions were held on fighting terrorists, strengthening global economic growth, sustainable development, and building a new partnership for African development. This was the first meeting after the tragedy of 9/11. There was a discussion on the threat that terrorists and parties that support them pose to innocent citizens and society.
Evian Summit (29th Summit)
Date:June 1 - 3, 2003
Location:Evian Hotel
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
In regards to the global economy, a lot of time was spent on the management of the macro-economy and structural reforms, and there was also an exchange of opinion on the promotion of the WTO Doha Round and energy policies. Emphasis was placed on the importance of ensuring economic growth in not only the U.S., but also the other G8 countries, and on the importance of domestic economic reforms in order to accomplish this. As for the situation in the Middle East, in addition to a series of statements praising recent developments and U.S. efforts, agreement was reached on the point that progress toward Middle-east peace would benefit the fight against terrorism. Even regarding Iran's development of its nuclear capability, within the declarations on non-proliferation, there was agreement within the G8, including Russia, on a demand that Iran immediately and unconditionally accept the IAEA additional protocol as to gnot to ignore the effect of present nuclear plans on proliferation.h
Sea Island Summit (30th Summit)
Date:June 8 -10, 2004
Location:Sea Island
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
In regards to the most pressing issue of Iraq and in response to the unanimous approval of the Security Council Resolution 1546 regarding the transfer of sovereignty to Iraq, the G8 expressed its agreement within the political statements on the partnership with the greater Middle East and North Africa, and the Chair's Summary. Identifying the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the anti-terrorism measure as urgent issues that need to be handled through cooperation of the international society, an action plan of concrete measures on non-proliferation of the weapons of mass destruction and the anti-terrorism, was adopted.
Gleneagles Summit (31st Summit)
Date:July 6 - 8, 2005
Location:Gleneagles Hotel
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
There was agreement for the G8 to work on various issues including implementing structural reforms, improving energy efficiency, and increasing the transparency of oil markets, in order to respond to jumps in oil prices and global imbalances, although there were projections of a firm global economic growth. Furthermore, as for the issue of climate change, in addition to agreement on the Gleneagles Action Plan, which included concrete actions such as conserving energy and making use of green energy, there was consensus on issues such as establishing dialogue with countries with major demand for energy (the report on the result of the dialogue will be provided at the 2008 Japan Summit). In the dialogue with emerging countries, there were demands for these countries to take greater responsibility as far as climate change issues are concerned.
St. Petersburg Summit (32nd Summit)
Date:July 15 -17, 2006
Location:Constantine Palace
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
In regards to ensuring energy security, based on various experiences including the oil crisis, there were appeals for the importance of efforts to conserve energy, including 3R, and agreement was reached on using the difficult situation of high oil prices as a chance to promote diversification of energy sources, such as nuclear power, wind power, solar power, and hydroelectric power. There was also agreement on concrete measures such as promoting investment, improving energy conservation and energy efficiency, promoting diversification of energy resources, and strengthening emergency responses.
Heiligendamm Summit (33rd Summit)
Date:June 6 - 8, 2007
Location:Heiligendamm
Participant Leaders
Summit Overview
At this summit, the major topic was climate change. In addition to introducing the Japanese proposal of 50 Beautiful Stars that Prime Minister Abe announced in advance, there was a proposal of a common global target of reducing the global level of emissions in half by 2050 compared to present levels, and the gthree principlesh when building future frameworks. Discussions were centered on this, and the leaders of the G8 countries agreed to at least seriously examine cutting overall global emissions of greenhouse gases in half by 2050.